Swan Lake Vs. Revelations Essay -- essays research papers

Alvin Aileys Revelations and Tchaikovskys Swan Lake are two different styles of dance from very different points in history. Revelations is a present-day(a) dance and Swan Lake is a classical dance. Each dance has certain points that have made it critically acclaimed. They both incorporate different styles of dance scarce they do share a few characteristics. The stage props and the lighting seemed to be different in each performance. Swan Lake had a screen background of a lake. This was key for this dance. When the girls would turn back and forth from swans they would show a group of swans swim across the lake. This was very cardinal for the audience to understand this very important transformation. The lighting in Swan Lake was a little bit brighter because it had more scenes where the entire stage needed to be illuminated. When the soloists were dancing they did not have a particular spotlight on them. Revelations had a very plain set. This seemed to put more of a focus on the dancers instead of the atmosphere on stage. The backdrop was just a dark cloth with no pattern or picture. The lighting covered the entire stage when many dancers were performing at the uniform time. When soloists performed, a spotlight was focused on them to draw all the attention to the dance. The choreography in Aileys dance was very interesting. The dancers used the floor much(prenominal) more than Swan Lake. Swan Lakes dance movements seemed to be very apar...

I dont know :: essays research papers

The ResurrectionAs Conrad begins to drift off he begins to envision the awful day of his brothers remnant. It was full like he was in that location all over again every topic was so real. The dream covered every aspect of the horrifying event, but this time the annul was a new beginning. As sawbuck released himself from the boat and drew closer and closer to the forever darkness of death Conrad froze as he did before. Once Buck had left the known world the same thoughts that plague him Conrad in reality started a dangerous flow beginning to take over his body. Before the lifelessly disease of guilt and anger grew to strong they were no longer in the water. Conrad was all al wizard in a solid white room with one door made of glass. On the other side of the four-inch plate glass door stood Buck. He was there with Conrad once again, but he wasnt there at the same time. As they both stood there trying to find a way back to each other a cloud of darkness crept over the two young b oys until everything that was once white became blackened, the hope of being together was covered with the fear of everything that is gloomy. Visually his brother was gone, but Conrad had lost the sense experience of sight while gaining the ability to heat his brother. Everything that had troubled him since his brothers death came to a discussion. Buck I am so sorry that I didnt save you I wish everyday that it could have been me instead of you. Conrad cried. In response Buck said sternly What happened to me is no where close to your fault. charge for my death rest completely on my shoulders if you had tried to save me both of our lives could have been lost and that would be a catastrophe. As Conrad began to arise from his knee he questioned his brother What can I do for you? Buck began to answer Conrad I am already gone no matter how much you mourn my death I will still only be a memory and a spirit. But you alive in the physical form and the only thing I have is the hope that y ou will live your life with enough happiness for the both of us. The only life I have left is ceremonial you grow and your life so far has only been comprised of sadness.

Becoming a Better Reader Essay -- Education Reading Academics

Reading is believed by some academia to be the most important activity that a student could do to go ahead in academic pursuit. Some research claimed that many slew take shewing for granted in their developmental stage. Due to this fact, few learners cannot usher properly because they claim they do not enjoy denotation. In my observation, not only is effective reading important but to read with comprehension (recall of read text) and for pleasure. The constant engagement with reading for pleasure might sensitize the desire to read. Controlled studies for people with special(prenominal) learning disabilities recommend SQ4R reading strategy to support people to learn how to read. SQ4R could be considered as a versatile literacy strategy that engrosses students in the processing of information prior to reading, during reading and after reading. It could be used in all subject areas that consider content materials critically. This applies to all types of texts and cut across all s ources of information. SQ4R might lead to flexible reading pattern. Flexibility in reading is extremely very important. It is crucial to examine flexible reading as, reading antithetical types of materials. Materials like articles, novel, periodic, journals, and newspapers could build different strategies and approach that would be adapted to different reading styles. SQ4R method is accepted to have the propensity to improve comprehension and academic grades. It could also help students make meaning from text in the following ways. Using the SQ4R strategies prior to reading provide helps to preview texts and establish the reading purpose. The more refine the purpose of investigation is the better the depth of research. SQ4R strategies while reading help to monitor and ... ...lay the importance of SQ4R. They may either use it unconsciously and claimed they dont use it. The good thing well-nigh the SQ4R reading method is that it gives a better understanding of academic material. It also helps to improve memory. A student is properly geared to focus on the specific area of research by using the Q-question strategy. The R which stand for reflect/relate helps to bridge the gap of old and new information in the memory. A student will always have an accurate fact and current in line with the given area of reasoning. In the end reading will encourage students to read material for both academic reason and for pleasure.BibliographyForsyth, K. H. (2000). The Effect of self-Reference on learning and Retention. Teaching of psychology , p.269. Hulme, c., & Snowling, m. (1994). Reading Development and Dyslexia. London Whurr publishers Ltd.

Shakespeares Macbeth - Macbeths Guilt :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Macbeths Implacable Guilt The Shakespearean tragedy Macbeth underscores the important and usually unforeseen effect of sin, that of guilt. The guilt is so deep that Lady Macbeth is pushed to suicide, and Macbeth fares barely slightly better. Blanche Coles states in Shakespeares Four Giants that, regarding guilt in the play Briefly stated, and with elaborations to follow, Macbeth is the story of a kindly, upright man who was incited and goaded, by the woman he deeply loved, into committing a murder and then, because of his sensitive nature, was unable to bear the heavy burden of guilt that descended upon him as a result of that murder. (37) In Memoranda Remarks on the face of Lady Macbeth, Sarah Siddons mentions the guilt and ambition of Lady Macbeth and their effect Re I have given suck (1.7.54ff.) Even here, horrific as she is, she shews herself made by ambition, more(prenominal)over not by nature, a perfectly savage creature. The very use of such a tender allusion in the midst of her dreadful language, persuades one unambiguously that she has really felt the maternal yearnings of a mother towards her babe, and that she considered this action the almost enormous that ever required the strength of human nerves for its perpetration. Her language to Macbeth is the most potently eloquent that guilt could use. (56) In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson comments regarding the guilt of the protagonist It is a subtler thing which constitutes the chief fascination that the play exercises upon us - this fear Macbeth feels, a fear not fully defined, for him or for us, a terrible anxiety that is a sense of guilt without becoming (recognizably, at least) a sense of sin. It is not a sense of sin because he refuses to recognize such a category and, in his stubbornness, his savage defiance, it drives him on to more and more terrible acts. (74) Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare explain how guilt impacts Lady Macbeth Lady Macbeth is of a finer and more delicate nature. Having fixed her nerve center upon the end - the attainment for her husband of Duncans crown - she accepts the inevitable means she nerves herself for the terrible nights work by artificial stimulants yet she cannot strike the sleeping poof who resembles her father.

Humorous Wedding Speech to a Groom with Long Hair :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Wedding Speech to a Groom with Long HairGood evening Ladies and Gentlemen.I must admit, I am more nervous about being best man than I was at my own wedding. Maybe its because I have been marry a year and I know what Jonathans letting himself in for And on that happy occasion, as some of you know, Jonathan was my best man and he did a wonderful job. However Jonathan, there are many reasons why you should get married and Im not sure if revenge is one of them. But, it is a great thrill and an honor, and Jonathans already agreed that I can do it again next time First of all, Pamela, you look radiant short stunning in that dress. Jonathan, you need a haircut As I was walking behind him leaving the church this morning a funny thought occurred to me. From the back, it is in truth difficult to tell if Jonathan is a man who needs a haircut or a woman who just had one. When Jonathan was best man at my wedding he made a great deal of me having a mullet. Jonathan, I dont think I have to say anything more about your wassail hairstyle other than at least mine had a name. But he hasnt always looked this way as youre about to find out. When I first met him, at the age of fifteen, he was in the process of developing a Human League style flick, which his sister Sally enhanced with a little coloring. The wrangling Babe Magnet do spring to mind but not on this occasion. We soon became close and it was great to have someone to hang out with because being a teenager is never easy. Rejection is the worst thing. I know all about the humiliation of being turned away from football teams for not being nigh(a) enough, from pubs for not looking old enough and from women for not looking male enough. Yep, Ive seen Jonathan do all those things, and he carried himself with dignity throughout. After leaving indoctrinate and between getting a job, Jonathan smartened himself up. But he suffered terribly from headaches during this period, he was going for the wet hair look and the toilet seat kept locomote down. However, this new image seemed to completely contradict his emerging obsession with the electric guitar that was to keep him banging away in his bedroom until the small hours or at least thats what he told his mum.

Humorous Wedding Speech to a Groom with Long Hair :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Wedding Speech to a Groom with Long pilusGood evening Ladies and Gentlemen.I must admit, I am more nervous about being best man than I was at my bear wedding. Maybe its because I bugger off been married a year and I know what Jonathans letting himself in for And on that happy occasion, as some of you know, Jonathan was my best man and he did a wonderful job. However Jonathan, there are many reasons why you should get married and Im not sure if revenge is one of them. But, it is a great thrill and an honor, and Jonathans already agreed that I can do it again conterminous time First of wholly, Pamela, you look radiant absolutely stunning in that dress. Jonathan, you need a blurcut As I was walking behind him leaving the church service this morning a funny thought occurred to me. From the back, it is very difficult to tell if Jonathan is a man who needs a haircut or a woman who fairish had one. When Jonathan was best man at my wedding he made a great deal of me having a mullet. Jonathan, I dont think I have to say anything more about your present hairstyle other than at least mine had a name. But he hasnt al authoritys looked this way as youre about to find out. When I first met him, at the age of fifteen, he was in the process of developing a Human League style flick, which his babe Sally enhanced with a little coloring. The words Babe Magnet do spring to mind but not on this occasion. We soon became close and it was great to have someone to hang out with because being a teenager is never easy. Rejection is the worst thing. I know all about the humiliation of being glum away(predicate) from football teams for not being good enough, from pubs for not looking old enough and from women for not looking male enough. Yep, Ive seen Jonathan do all those things, and he carried himself with dignity throughout. After leaving school and between getting a job, Jonathan smartened himself up. But he suffered terribly from headaches during this period, he was going for the wet hair look and the toilet seat kept falling down. However, this new image seemed to completely contradict his emerging obsession with the electric guitar that was to keep him banging away in his bedroom until the small hours or at least thats what he told his mum.

Project Charter

Redesign entanglement topology in preparation for phase 2 Phase 2 Replace bank switches (I. E. Server, PC, Phone stacks) with viable Ethernet resolvent Increase bandwidth by using fiber instead of copper connections between the edge devices and the core r break throughers Objectives this refresh we will be able to take emolument of spic-and-spaner engineering science that has been introduced over the past 10 years. Another goal is to increase uptime by looking into a more redundant, robust solution. Our goal, to achieve axes.Business Need To brook our guests service above and beyond their up-to-date expectations we take up a new(a) earnings. This network should have the ability to expand as our company grows. Faster ports and newer technology to tantalize us into the next decade. Resiliency and redundancy will play a large part, helping us achieve our goal of axes. foresee carriage and Stakeholders Project Manager / Principal Infrastructure lead Person Network Engine er Person External Company Person Stakeholders Internal/external customers Milestones communicate for Information Out Request for Purchase OutBudget Numbers presented POP for Phase 1 murder of Phase 1 POP for Phase 2 Implementation for Phase 2 Budget Person Network Architect This pick up is a high budget project spread out over the strain of 2 years/ 2 phases. Approximate cost $600,000 for Hardw ar, Service and outside expertise. user Acceptance Criteria/Quality What are the minimum success criteria as outlined by the key stakeholders? High-Level Project Assumptions The Data network is currently out of warranty and End of Life, support can be obtained for a premium, moreover no patches will be created.High-Level Project Cons workts Time With the company striving for axes we need the proper downtime to implement the solution Exclusions and Boundaries Core Routers Edge Switches Redesign of network topology Increase performance on the network Out of Scope Telephony, Servers , Wireless, Database and anything not otherwise noted in the scope of the project. Major Risks The project is complex, removing our current network and replacing it with a new network. If not planned preparely we could let on packet loss across the network, no network connectivity or inappropriate flow of traffic.Project CharterThe goal of this project is to provide the customer with a custom hot rod that he can hop in and drive without worry. It is the goal of Phoenix rainwater custom to make this truck as dependable as possible so the customer can take the truck around the lock down the passageway to a local railroad car show or be able to drive it across the country and have the fomite as reliable as a new car.Phoenix Rain Customs is assuming there will be minimal system work to be done because the system is in overall excellent shape. Risks that are taken into account are that will have to go deeper into the body work and the suspension depending on what the customer wa nts. at that place is a budget of 50 thousand dollars approved of by the customer with the provision of an additional 10 thousand if needed.The timeline involved is that the customer would like it spotless ND tested by the end of June 2014, so he can take it on a trip during the July 4th holiday Goals To provide customer with a new vehicle that has all the modern safety components Provide customer with modern technology and environmental comforts while retaining era correct styling cues Provide customer with modern reliability and with mild street manners This project will create a one of a kind vehicle that will incorporate modern design elements while retaining era correct styling cues.This project will involve several different vendors ranging from body and paint vendors laid in the Tacoma Metro ere. The part vendors will be located throughout the United States. Phoenix Rain Customs will coordinate with vendors locally and across the country to order and receive part in a ti mely manner. The High Level Deliverables are as follows Initial Assessment Body and Paint intragroup Drive Train electrical aggregation AQUA Project Deliverables Milestone Deliverable 1. Initial Assessment Vehicle in Shop and Stripped of components. pack engine and drive train. frame new frame and suspension.Order new wheels and tires decided upon by customer lead time of sixty days deeded by maker to custom cut wheels. taunt down with customer and go over plan and colors for construction of vehicle. 2. Body And Paint Get body panels media unholy to assess how much body work will need to be done Order new bed components Send frame and suspension for disintegrate coating Get body panels and cab to paint snitch to start body and paint process. 3. Interior Order new seats and send to upholstery shop for recovering Order new gauges and dash components Order inner kit. Coordinate with Stereo installer and order stereo components 4.Drive Train Order new engine and drive train c ombination line up frame back from powder coating tack new brake system inclose suspension system Install new drive train in frame 5. Electrical Install new wiring harness in truck Rewire all interior components Test electrical 6. Assembly Receive cab and body panels back from body shop Put cab and body panels on frame Install new bed woods and hardware Install new interior and dash assembly Install new glass and seals Inspect truck for snuff it and finish Have unit of measurement buffed Take on test drive/ assessment Have customer come in and give assessmentProject CharterThe goal of this project is to provide the customer with a custom hot rod that he can hop in and drive without worry. It is the goal of Phoenix Rain Customs to make this truck as dependable as possible so the customer can take the truck around the lock down the street to a local car show or be able to drive it across the country and have the vehicle as reliable as a new car.Phoenix Rain Customs is assuming t here will be minimal body work to be done because the body is in overall excellent shape. Risks that are taken into account are that will have to go deeper into the body work and the suspension depending on what the customer wants. There is a budget of 50 thousand dollars approved of by the customer with the provision of an additional 10 thousand if needed.The timeline involved is that the customer would like it finished ND tested by the end of June 2014, so he can take it on a trip during the July 4th holiday Goals To provide customer with a new vehicle that has all the modern safety components Provide customer with modern technology and environmental comforts while retaining era correct styling cues Provide customer with modern reliability and with mild street manners This project will create a one of a kind vehicle that will incorporate modern design elements while retaining era correct styling cues.This project will involve several different vendors ranging from body and paint v endors located in the Tacoma Metro ere. The parts vendors will be located throughout the United States. Phoenix Rain Customs will coordinate with vendors locally and nationally to order and receive parts in a timely manner. The High Level Deliverables are as follows Initial Assessment Body and Paint Interior Drive Train Electrical Assembly AQUA Project Deliverables Milestone Deliverable 1. Initial Assessment Vehicle in Shop and Stripped of components. Remove engine and drive train. Order new frame and suspension.Order new wheels and tires decided upon by customer lead time of sixty days deeded by manufacturer to custom cut wheels. Sit down with customer and go over plan and colors for construction of vehicle. 2. Body And Paint Get body panels media blasted to assess how much body work will need to be done Order new bed components Send frame and suspension for powder coating Get body panels and cab to paint shop to start body and paint process. 3. Interior Order new seats and send to upholstery shop for recovering Order new gauges and dash components Order interior kit. Coordinate with Stereo installer and order stereo components 4.Drive Train Order new engine and drive train combination Receive frame back from powder coating Install new brake system Install suspension system Install new drive train in frame 5. Electrical Install new wiring harness in truck Rewire all interior components Test electrical 6. Assembly Receive cab and body panels back from body shop Put cab and body panels on frame Install new bed wood and hardware Install new interior and dash assembly Install new glass and seals Inspect truck for fit and finish Have unit buffed Take on test drive/ assessment Have customer come in and give assessmentProject CharterRedesign network topology in preparation for phase 2 Phase 2 Replace edge switches (I. E. Server, PC, Phone stacks) with viable Ethernet solution Increase bandwidth by using fiber instead of copper connections between the edge devices an d the core routers Objectives this refresh we will be able to take advantage of newer technology that has been introduced over the past 10 years. Another goal is to increase uptime by looking into a more redundant, robust solution. Our goal, to achieve axes.Business Need To provide our customers service above and beyond their current expectations we need a modern network. This network should have the ability to expand as our company grows. Faster ports and newer technology to drive us into the next decade. Resiliency and redundancy will play a large part, helping us achieve our goal of axes. Project Manager and Stakeholders Project Manager / Principal Infrastructure Engineer Person Network Engineer Person External Company Person Stakeholders Internal/external customers Milestones Request for Information Out Request for Purchase OutBudget Numbers presented POP for Phase 1 Implementation of Phase 1 POP for Phase 2 Implementation for Phase 2 Budget Person Network Architect This pr oject is a high budget project spread out over the course of 2 years/ 2 phases. Approximate cost $600,000 for Hardware, Service and outside expertise. User Acceptance Criteria/Quality What are the minimum success criteria as defined by the key stakeholders? High-Level Project Assumptions The Data network is currently out of warranty and End of Life, support can be obtained for a premium, but no patches will be created.High-Level Project Constraints Time With the company striving for axes we need the proper downtime to implement the solution Exclusions and Boundaries Core Routers Edge Switches Redesign of network topology Increase performance on the network Out of Scope Telephony, Servers, Wireless, Database and anything not otherwise noted in the scope of the project. Major Risks The project is complex, removing our current network and replacing it with a new network. If not planned correctly we could see packet loss across the network, no network connectivity or improper flow of t raffic.

Public Police and Private Security Essay

Abstract Public police and personal bail agencies will hardly find a compromise. Public police votes for limitation of private tribute rights. Private guarantor becomes more popular with the increasing criminalization of the society. In reality, the objectives of overt police and private security significantly differ. The increasing popularity of private security agencies has raised substantial concern among the public police officers. The objectives of public police and private security differ, but public police agencies fear that private security will bury traditional policing standards, and will replace the major policies objectives and responsibilities. In the general structure of public policing responsibilities, private security guards traditionally fulfill sustenance roles. By hiring contractors, some federal agencies save up to 50 percent of their traditional expenditures. One firm provides security for six major public expedition systems around the country, transp orts prisoners, maintains booking and security for a juvenile assessment center, and supplies security for court houses in 40 states (Youngs, 2004). Although private security agencies possess full draw of policing equipment, personnel, and opportunities, such agencies are permanently restricted from fully participating in public policing.Potentially, private security and public policing could have similar objectives, but public policing remains purely a state structure. Public police agencies use private security firms to concentrate on their major tasks. In many aspects, these strategies instigate outsourcing principles, which are often employed business. In Ontario, private security was given some freedom to observe, report, and deter elsewhere private security companies are crack quasi-police services in low-income housing projects (Harman, 2000). Although private security and public policing could effectively combine their efforts, and work for the decrease of criminalizatio n in the country, public policing insists on the position that public police and private security cannot follow the same objectives. Public policing continues fulfilling its traditional crime-fighting duties. Private security carry out their mission of protecting their companies or clients people, property, and information, while at the same time serving the homeland security objectives (COPS, 2004). Private security and public policing are still too far from link their efforts and objectives for the benefit of criminal situation in society.ReferencesCOPS. (2004). Private security / Public policing.Harman, A. (2000). Private security use debated. Law & Order, 48 (6), pp. 125-126.Youngs, A. (2004). The future of public / private partnerships. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 73 (1), pp. 7-12.

Interracial Marriage Essay

Today assorted conjugations are happening much and more despite that numerous disapprove as we arrive more diverse, both racially and ethnically. In the past, though considered to be taboo interracial marriages are a quickly growing segment of the population. miscellaneous marriage is a marriage of two individuals each of different racetracks. The focus of this paper is to address interracial marriage increase, achievements on children, acceptance and challenges, and my personal views. racial marriage is used to describe marriages that take place between people who are from different racial or ethnic groups. miscellaneous marriage rouse convey a relationship between a Black and an Asian, a White and a Korean, a Hispanic and an Asian, a White and a Hispanic, a Black and a White, and etc. However, when people talk just about race relations, the focus is on Blacks and Whites. 1. Interracial marriages hits a new high 2. Interracial marriages and the effect on children 3. Accep tance of interracial marriage 4. Difficulties and challenges of interracial marriage 5. Views on interracial marriageInterracial Marriages Hits a New High For almost of U. S history, in most communities, such unions were taboo. Interracial marriage approval is at a high point in the United States at 86 percent, a Gallup poll indicated. The poll of 1,319 adults found the United States is on the verge of unanimity on the topic of interracial marriage, Gallup reported. Ninety-six percent of African-Americans, who have always been more approving of marriage between blacks whites, approve of such unions, while 84 percent of whites approve.The gap of approval ratings between blacks and whites has narrowed considerably. The gap since 1997 has been averaging 13 division points. From 1968 to 1994, the average gap was 32 points. When Gallup first asked about interracial marriage in 1958, only 4 percent of those asked approved. Approval of black-white marriages is slightly lower among Southe rners, Republicans, conservatives and those in lower education levels. The elderly are the least approving group at 66 percent (UPI. com, 2011). Interracial Marriages and the Effect on ChildrenNo result what ethnic groups are involved, one major result of these marriages are children. Children are far more negative than a lot of adults are today regarding interracial relationships. Its not that they approve or disapprove its more like they dont get a line. If a child has never been exposed to other races or seen two different races married and living together than their first reaction might be to think its weird. When kids dont understand something their first reaction is to tease the child with the interracial parents.There are more serious effects of a child being interracial labeling and racism. Encountering an individuation crisis, which group does she/he belong to? Having siblings that can actually pass as white, who may result in receiving privileges that society may deny the child of more color (darker). Acceptance of Interracial Marriage The willingness of people entering into interracial relationships has grown and so does acceptance. There still some that frown upon mixed marriages with the touch that marriage is tough enough without having to deal with the burden racial differences.A report released by the Pew Research Center says that 43 percent of Americans mean that marriage between people of different races has been productive in our society while only 10 percent believe it has changed America for the worse (AFRO. com, 2012). Difficulties and Challenges of Interracial Marriage As an interracial couple you will possibly face extra challenges in your marriage from people outside your marriage. These include antagonistic and foul treatment from others, suffering rejection from family members or disinheritance, and dealing with prejudices from friends.All of these things combined can push a couple into social segregation. If you or a couple you turn in is dealing with these kinds of things (even same-race couples do), think about the following Have confidence in your choice Deal with your feelings Stand up for each other and your marriage outsmart yourselves with supportive people. What can cause an interracial marriage to fall apart is the inability of a couple to handle their differences and a failure to talk about stress and prejudice created by others (Marriage Matters, 2009).The problems and issues that used to occur with interracial marriages are no longer as adamant and noticeable. Views on Interracial Marriage Interracial marriages are more common today than ever before and I support it. There are cultural differences, but if anything, I believe that in interracial marriages couples can help each other to grow as a person. Love as no boundarieswhat difference does the color of your skin pass water if two people are in love.You cant help with whom you fall in love with, and people should stop seeing mixed rac e relationships as a political statement. If people attempt to understand the different beliefs, traditions and values of the diverse groups that make up this world, then they could work together for the unafraid of all. Love has no color Interracial marriage in the United States has been fully legal in all U. S. states since the 1967 Supreme Court decision that deemed anti-miscegenation laws unconstitutional, with many states choosing to legalize interracial marriage at much earlier dates.The United States has many ethnic and racial groups and interracial marriage is fairly common among most of them (The Full Wiki, n. d. ). In conclusion ethnic groups bring diversity and wealth to a society by introducing their own ideas and customs. Interracial marriages introduce such variety. In a picture-perfect world, everyone should celebrate this. However, the world is not perfect. I think that the more love there is in this world, the better off we all are disregardless of whom it is we l ove.

It’s Time to End Pet Misery Year 11 Draft Essay

In the opinion piece Lets End Pet Misery, featured in the Herald Sun on the 21st of July 2009, writer Susie OBrien responds to the issue of animal cruelty in Victoria. In an outraged tone, the writer pleads with pet lovers and everyone else as closely to deliver a new bill that aims to make animal desexing compulsory, reducing the rates of unwanted offspring and acts of animal cruelty committed against these animals. The writer begins her controversy with the use of alliteration paired with a cliche. A single stroke of the pen can save pets from a short life of misery. The alliteration of the deuce words single and stroke draws more focus to the cliche a single stroke of a pen. This emphasises how easily the problem could be solved, angering the lector due to the little that has been done to solve the problem. This technique also works to instil guilt within the reader, making it more likely for them to dramatize sue in assisting the cause, thereby supporting the writers cont ention to support the compulsory desexing of pets. One technique the writer uses is a frightening statistic that has been juxtaposed in a larger text. In Victoria alone, 300 dogs are put down every day.Thats more than 100,000 a year. This unbelievably imposing statistic is a perfect technique to support the writers contention. It is able to appeal to the fear and concern of pet lovers and all other citizens alike. This statistic works very well to draw the readers attention, due to its intelligent position just below the heading, and works to recruit more people to the cause, as most would be unable to stop reading after being confronted with such a statistic. Additionally, it would inspire more people to support the writers contention and charter action to stop all this death.One of the writers strongest persuasive technique is the use of a widely known anecdote paired with strong, affectional language. In a devastating attack, someone hacked off his ears and tail and then le ft him to die in paroxysm. Through the use of the well-known story nigh Buckley, an eight week old Victorian puppy, the writers argument is strengthened in the eyes of many readers, as a majority of them would make believe heard of the story, and resented the horrific act of animal cruelty. Her argument is again reinforced by several instances of colourful language.Phrases like hacked off and die in pain dont exaggerate the malevolence of the crime, but instead work to give the reader a clearer image of the vile act. This then makes the reader smell out more strongly about the issue, making it more likely they do something about it. The strong use of visual media paired with the article is successful in giving the story an even greater effect working as the figurative icing on the argument. The largest image that revealing the extent of Buckleys shocking injuries, is a perfect accompaniment to the text, giving the reader a true idea of the result of his terrible wounds.Addition ally, the images of pets behind bars, with their innocent eyes, and somewhat fearful style makes the reader compare them to prisoners whom have been wrongly accused forced to live a life of confinement for anothers crimes. These elements make readers wish to take action ending the injustice, and is effective in supporting the writers contention. The opinion piece, Lets End Pet Misery, is effective in persuading readers to support the authors pledge to introduce a law making the desexing of pets compulsory.Whilst using a highly angered tone, the writer uses alliteration in join with a cliche to give readers a greater idea of how appalling the governments inaction is. The writer also shocks her readers through the use of an appall statistic, revealing the true magnitude of the deaths of unwanted animals. Furthermore, the use of a terrifying anecdote used together with colourful language, as well as the images in the piece alert readers to the severity of the situation and appeal to ones empathy, ultimately encouraging us to share an equally outraged view.

Intercultural Communication in the Workplace Essay

Good morning, dobry den, dobry den, Guten Tag, bonjour, buenos dias, these are examples of my native Slovak and five other languages that I can partly assure and speak. I used to think this was a significant number, but I found that there were approximately 4000 languages spoken in the world. It is obvious that we could spend the full life studying foreign languages and never master all of them. So how do we overcome this barrier? The next part will give a complete summary of the possible solutions according to three authors and will besides include my own reflections.The most comprehensive approach to the topic can be found in the book titled Intercultural communication in the global workplace by Linda Beamer and Iris Varner. Linda Beamer is a full professor in the discussion section of Marketing at California State University, Los Angeles where she teaches marketing courses as well as business communication, intercultural communication and many others. Iris Varner is a profess or in the Department of Management and Quantitative Methods, College of Business at Illinois State University, where she teaches the cultural environment of international business.Varner is the author of numerous articles in the area of intercultural managerial communication, and she is also president of the Association for Business Communication. The whole chapter in the book is dedicated to the role of language in the intercultural communication. They believe that language and culture are geological formation each other and are intertwined. They show that identical treatments can have different meanings in different cultures. Both the French and the Americans use the word force majeure, but the phrase carries very different meanings.Literally the term means superior or irresistible force. In U. S. legal language, the term refers primarily to forces of nature or possible war. The implications are that the terms of a contract may be changed because the risk was not allocated in e ither the expressed or implied terms of the contract. In European law the term has a broader meaning. It also includes changes in the economic conditions or other circumstances that were not reasonably pass judgment when the contract was drawn up.The implication is that when Americans make agreements with Europeans that include discussions of unforeseen circumstances and use the term force majeure, they need to clarify what they mean and spell step to the fore what that term covers (Beamer, Varner, 2008, para. 6). According to Beamer and Varner following points may help in communicating with non-native speakers Enunciate, speak slowly, avoid slang and colloquialism, be careful about jokes, be sincere, be culturally sensitive, and keep a sense of humor (Beamer, Varner, 2008)Speaking clearly and slowly is helpful.Avoiding slang is necessary because unless the speaker has lived in the country for a long time, there is small chance that he or she will understand. The problem with joke s is that they do not translate well and if they have to be accompanied by lengthened explanations, they usually lose their funniness. Being sincere, culturally sensitive, and keeping sense of humor also affects communication in the positive way. On the other hand, I in person prefer new phenomenon called World English that is described in the work of two authors.According to Smith, The geographical spread of English is unique among the languages of the world, throughout history. Countries employ English as either a first or a second language are located on all five continents, and the impart population of these countries amounts to about 49% of the worlds population (Smith, 2006). He recognizes six types of World English US English, Canadian English, Australian, New Zealand English, South African English, Indian English, and West Indian English (Smith, 2006).

Political Cartoon Assignment Essay

The political cartoon that I chose mainly aims towards pack who are concerned about the surroundings and nation who are against The American Clean Energy and Security Act. An every day citizen may not get the entire meaning of the cartoon if they do not know the motive behind it or do not follow politics and environmental news. The cartoon is political because it clearly states two things that matter heavily on the minds of the worldly concern right now tax and the environment.While this doesnt typically necessarily mean that a cartoon would be political, the phrase bill on the page in the mans hand points in the direction of political. The cartoon effectively shows two sides of the issue one where the public is being told that the bill would cause a tax increase that the American consumers would ultimately have to deal with and another side where the environmentally-conscious person is saying that its just a scare tactic and that it would cause more good than harm for the coun try.At first glance, the cartoon was humorous, but the more I looked at it and began to understand what it was talking about, my thoughts began to change. Although its still funny, the cartoon carries a deeper meaning than just entertainment. The main thing that I felt was slight irritation that people could think that there are only two ports of looking at the issue and that people could be so concerned about taxes that they take overt even think about the environment that were living in. Although what is being shown is comical, the emotions behind what the artist is trying to show the viewer is not.Even if he shows that there are two sides of the issue, he still wants you to realize that economists are using the current state of the economy to play on your emotions and try to influence you that youre ultimately hurting yourself by supporting the bill. Whether or not the artist was successful in the attempt to persuade the viewer into a way of thinking is up to the interpretatio n of each individual person. For me, it was successful. I was able to see the two different sides of the issue and while I understand both, I was able to draw my own conclusion and say that there needs to be some sort of middle ground.In part, the artist wants you to see how youre being manipulated by the economists and the people that are against the bill to believe that the bill will have more of an impact on your bank account in terms of more taxes rather than having a good impact on the environment. Although Ive always known that there are people who are against the bill, forwards seeing it in cartoon form, I never really realized that they really might be just a way of making people choose one or the other the environment or your money. In terms of opening my eyes, the artist was successful.

Child Marriage: A Human Rights Violation Essay

small fry marriage is a serious form of human rights violation touch young myopic girls globally. It was estimated 10 million girls under the age of 18 get marry every year (Bruce & Clark 2004) and according to Population Council Analysis of United Nations artless Data on Marriage (2002), more than 100 million girls will get married in the next decade if the current pattern persists. Girls who argon disproportionately the most modify by this inhumane practice suffer tremendously. It is unreasonable such practice that robs away a girls childishness can exist, considering the devastating effects such as physical and psychological damages, severe health consequences and denial of personal teaching.1.1 Physical and Psychological Damages many another(prenominal) young girls who ar creation forced into marriage face nuisance and violence as their daily reality, yet most of them believe that a hubby is justified in lashing his wife (Jenson & Thornton 2003). For example, in Ke nya, 36 percent of girls married before 18 consider the action of a husband beating his wife is acceptable as compared to 20 percent of married women (UNICEF 2005). Prolonged violence behaviours towards child brides including coercive sex, verbal abuse, slapping and beatings cause them to be emotionally affected and undergo post-traumatic stress. According to Khan and Lynch (1997), such symptoms are like feeling of hopelessness, helplessness and severe depression. Young married girls are extremely compromising and subscribe to little power in relation to their husbands and in-laws. They are often treated as domestic slaves to work in their in-laws households. As much as young married girls are desperate to run away from their brutal marriages, they are often tied down with reasons that oblige them to stay. nigh often than not is because of sparing tweets and other social circumstances.There are those who seek for avenues to leave their spouses, there are also those who are chu ck go forth, disseverd or led into widowhood. They suffer a loss of status and ostracized by fraternity with additional discrimination, for example being denied of property rights, as in many cultures divorced, abandoned or widowed women are often looked down upon (Tamunoimama 2012). They usually end up living in poverty as they have no fiscal support and bear the responsibility of raising their children on their own.The high rates of Vesico-Vaginal Fistula (VVF) amongst young married girls is one of the reasons why child marriage is connect to wife abandonment. Sexual reproductive organs of the child brides that are not fully developed cause them to endure very prolonged labour. The relentless pressure from the babys skull breaks the walls of the birth canal and leads to uncontrollable leakage from the bladder into the vagina. They are usually perceived as unclean and often abandoned or divorced by their spouses. In Nigeria, around 150,000 women with VVF, 80 to 90 percent of th em are divorced by their husbands in Niger Republic, VVF is the reason for 63.3 percent of all divorce fortunes (Tamunoimama 2012).In many countries, young girls are married impinge on to honest-to-goodness men of twice their age, because their parents believe that it is the best way to ensure their daughters are protected when being placed firmly under a males control. Influenced by negative social and religious norms, girls are married early to older men in the belief that a husband will provide a safeguard against her immoral or inappropriate behaviour (Senderowitz 1995). Consequently, when the girl is unflurried young, their spouses snuff itd, leaving her with the sole responsibility on taking care her children. For some traditions, girls are not allowed to remarry and her families are also unlikely to accept her keystone once she has become widowed (UNICEF 2001).Even when a child bride feels able to challenge and leave her marriage, it usually takes her years to do so. H er families will cut her off from their lives because it is believed that running away from a marriage brings shame upon the family. This leaves the girl even more alone than before (The issuances of Early Marriage Cause and Effect Essay 2004). It will contribute to a lack of confidence and low self esteem in the young married girls, plunging them into poverty especially when they are under-educated and has few income-generating skills (Tamunoimama 2012).1.2 Severe Health ConsequencesGirls and woman who marry early and with little or no education background often lack of knowledge and have limited awareness of their rights to negotiate safer sex, including the use of condom (Plan UK 2011). In addition to the age difference between the child bride and the husband alongside with her low economic status, it is almost impossible for her to demand fidelity or enjoy the freedom of movement. Barriers like distance, fear, expenses or the need for permission from their spouses or in -laws t o access health services deteriorate the risks of maternal complications and mortality for young mothers (Tamunoimama 2012).According to UNICEF (2001), girls aged between 15 and 19 are twice as likely to die giving birth as compared to women over 20 years old whereas for girls aged between 10 to 14, it is five times greater the risk. Young married girls face considerable physical pain associated with sexual intercourse as their sexual organs are not fully developed and matured (Alemu 2008). Pregnancy-related deaths including to a great extent bleeding, fistula, infection, Anaemia, and Eclampsia, are the leading cause of mortality for 15 to 19 year-old girls (married and unmarried) worldwide (Tamunoimama 2012). Fistula conditions like vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) and recto-vaginal fistula (RVF) are permanent without surgical fall outling to reseal the tissues. Many women have to endure with this condition for the rest of their lives, as such intervention whitethorn not be sought o r may be hard to access (Tamunoimama 2012). WHO (2010) estimates there are two million women suffering from fistulas and for each year, there is another addition of 50,000 to 100,000 new cases of fistulas, many of which go untreated.Even though parents see early marriage or child marriage, as a method to protect their daughters from HIV/AIDS, future spouses may reside in unprotected sexual relations with other partners and already be infected (Tamunoimama 2012). Child brides are more vulnerable to HIV infection, due to the physiological immaturity of their sexual organs. A girl who has not reached puberty face serious risk on being infected by HIV/AIDS, because her vagina is not well lined with protective cells and her cervix may be penetrated easily (Alemu 2008). According to Clark (2004), a small scale research done in Kenya and Zambia shows that among 15 to 19 year-old girls who are sexually active, getting married increased their chances of HIV by more than 75 percent. Girls w ho are of lower status in society and lack of autonomy cannot have a say when to engage in sexual relations and when to bear a child, especially if it is a young virgin, she would be under pressure to become pregnant in the first year of her marriage.1.3 Denial of Personal DevelopmentEducation is one of the largest losses a girl has to face when she is married off at a young age. Her opportunities to develop as an individual is limited as she needs to bear the burden of being a wife and a mother. Most of the child brides, who are forced to drop out of school during the preparation of marriage or at the academic degree of union and transfer to their in-laws house, as badly as they want to return to school, they are denied of their rights to education. Older husbands and even fathers of young wives believe that the role of females are solely to stay home and undertake household and child-care duties. They fear that education undermines cultural practices and teaches the girl to rejec t tradition (Bayisenge 2009). The following quote illustrate well the caseAt the age of about 14 years, my father sent me to my uncle in Adagbira near Binaba so that he could let his wives train me for marriage. He believed that if I go on to go to school, I would be a spoilt girl and no man would agree to marry me. Being a spoilt girl meant that I would be too wise to marry back in his village where he could get my dowry. (Interview with Ateni Adongo, Womankind,1999).Apart from that, parents of a child bride perceive education as an investment wasted because she is simply going to get married and it will only benefit her husbands household. The child bride stand even little chance in hope that her husband and in-laws would invest their scarce resources in her education. In rural areas, secondary education is only attainable at a far distance from home, leading to a fear in parents that this may expose the girl to risks on premarital sex and unwanted pregnancy (Tamunoimama 2012).Ch ild brides also find it difficult to return to school, because even the school itself has a policy of refusing married or pregnant girls to attain education. They believe that it will bushel a bad example to other students and destroy the reputation of the school for going against traditional beliefs. Besides, young married girls are unable to cope up and adapt with the school environment which includes rules, time tables and physical conditions, at the same time juggling their duties as wives and mothers. This further reduces the chances of them to enjoy the rights to education, which they require for personal development and contribution to the future well-being of their family and society.Early marriage was considered the main challenge to achieving universal primary education (MDG 2) and promoting sex equality (MDG 3) for girls and boys in rural communities (Plan Egypt 2010). It is not only a lost opportunity for the girls affected, but has a wider reach of repercussions for t heir own children and society (ICRW 2006). Young married girls, being denied of education are nerveless in regards of deciding the size of their families, demanding the use of contraception and healthcare needs of their children. They are not well informed and knowledgeable about sexual relations, their bodies and reproduction, what is more aggravated by the cultural silence surrounding these subjects (Tamunoimama 2012). With a low level of education and life skills, child brides face an increase of vulnerability to abuse and poor health, and therefore acute poverty and create a massive knock-on negative effect to the connection.Marriage is regarded as a moment of celebration and a milestone in an adult life, but girls as young as five being married off to older men, forced to drop out of school to carry the heavy burden of being a wife and a mother is equivalent to being condemned a death sentence on their bright future. Article 16 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1 948) states that men and women of full age are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution and marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending parties. Therefore child marriage is considered as a violation of human rights and must(prenominal) be viewed within a context of force and coercion, because valid consent of the child is absent and also often disregarded (Kumar 2008).Early marriage or child marriage is one of the ills that have eaten deep into the marrows of the third world countries, with Niger (76.6%), Chad (71.5%) and Bangladesh (68.7%) leading the top countries with highest rates of child marriage (ICRW 2005). It is a deadly bank in the modern society, with all the consequences that come along with it, including high rate of maternal mortality and morbidity, violence and abuse, reinforce cycle of poverty and many more. It stands in direct conflict with the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), (Mathur & Malhotra 2003) as it threatens the achievement of the first six goals respectively, eradicating extreme poverty and hunger achieving universal primarily education promoting gender equality and empowering women reducing child mortality improving maternal health combating HIV/AIDs, malaria and other diseases (UN 2007).In conclusion, different parties like governments, parents, schools, medias, NGOs, by and large, everyone else that is in the community should come together to trickle this challenging phenomenon and ban this from being an acceptable cultural practice. Actions to restore the rights of those already married should go hand in hand with preventive actions in protecting the rights of unmarried girls because to ensure a good start of their life, they need education instead of being trapped in a child betrothal.

Historical Review of John Dewey School and Society

As an Ameri open fire psychologist, philosopher, pedagogue, societal critic and political militant influenced the universe of bidding in ways that even he could nt h gray-haired dreamed of. His thoughts about instruction and the value of philosophical thought and composing were set Dewey apart from his fellow pedagogues and led to his connexions to the term forward-moving instruction. He believed that teach should stand for society, in its ends for doing critical believing members of society, each bit great as be run in a democratic mode to mock the interior workings of the outer(prenominal) universe. Dewey voiced these positions in his work, School and Society, published in 1889, Democracy has to be born anew every coevals, and instruction is its accoucheuse ( John Dewey & A Education ) . He denoted his dissatisfaction for schools and their deficiency of advancing personal geographic expedition and growing in their pupils repressive in nature, simple and secondary school s were denying pupils of inwrought chances for their personal advancement. innovative twenty-four hours schools corresponding Centennial High School, vocational schools, on-line schools, and different alternate schools encourage the types of indispensable chances that Dewey felt pupils need to win. The traditional environment was non contri besidesing to the instruction of every kid Dewey acknowledged the study for alteration. So he wrote, every bit good as aided in execution, of assorted reforms that he hoped would back up schools as a major bureaus for the development of free personalities ( Sidorsky, p. thirty ) . Much exchangeable our modern art and executing art categories do for pupils in modern twenty-four hours school scenes. Dewey s dreams ab initio became a world when they opened the University of Chicago s experimental school in 1896.The experimental school was merely one manner Dewey s beliefs gained physical presence in the educational system. His beliefs that school should learn pupils how to be problem-solvers by assisting pupils larn how to believe instead than merely larning rote lessons about tremendous sums of information ( John Dewey & A Education ) . These types of patterns have come to the surface in current educational practices-like the demand for vocational schools when regular school is nt a realistic option for some pupils. The thought that schools demand to refocus their attending on the pupils ability to utilize judgement instead than rote-memorization to roll up scholarship was his manner to force kids to develop into grownups who can go finished judgements pertinently and discriminateingly on the jobs of human spiritedness ( Campbell, 1995, p. 215-216 ) . Among his other beliefs about the function of school, Dewey felt that school should promote pupils to larn to populate and work clear in glove with other people. Students need to cognize how to populate and work with the community around them-this is othe r 1 of Dewey s thoughts that we still key in modern twenty-four hours athleticss, nines, and schoolroom activities-everyone has a mother wit of belonging and duty to keep a safe and respectful environment for themselves and the people around them. In School and Society Dewey wrote, In a complex society, ability to understand and sympathise with the operations and clasp of others is a status of common intent which merely instruction can secure. Dewey s positions of schools as a democratic scene meant that he encouraged pupils to lend to determinations that affect them and their instruction. Students needed to be advocators for their ain instruction, but still be respectful of the community around them, including grownups. In add-on to these repairs for pupil rights, Dewey was determined to see that the rights and academically based liberty of instructors needed to stay integral as good. It comes to no surprise that Dewey was a member of the offset instructor s brotherhood in N ew York City, and his involvement in and concern with academic freedom in universities led to his function as a laminitis of the American connexion of University Professors ( John Dewey & A Education ) . His rank in the brotherhood reaffirmed his thoughts of protecting the instructors and their rights. Even though Dewey passed off, his thoughts be on through a current educational diary, Educational Theory, which continues to function as a harbour for duologue about thoughts around instruction that Dewey and his co-workers foremost dissected.Pragmatism Pragmatism is defined as the first autochthonal motion of philosophical idea to develop in the United States ( Sidorsky, 1977, p. twelve ) . Along with other intellectuals, Dewey aided in the development of pragmatism and its function in education-bringing doctrine into the schoolroom.Cultural critic George Santayana identifies American pragmatism as a signifier of connexion of the American experimental and imaginative attitud e with old philosophical thoughts. Dewey s educational beliefs were clearly right and ambitious, it is no admiration that his matter-of-fact beliefs ensued. The thoughts make sense-children, like grownups, do things to profit themselves-at school childs may make good on an assignment to acquire good classs and so on. Pragmatism plays many functions, but one basically aspect that it ties into is American spiritual traditions and ideals through its cardinal point of human intents. . . derived from their wants and demands ( Sidorsky, pp. xv-xvi ) . Dewey felt that school should function a larger intent than rote memorisation. Harmonizing to historian Morton White, Dewey s matter-of-fact doctrine lays the foundation for a more level-headed construction for American societal ideals by contracting the infinite between types of knowledge-scientific and others. School is supposed to learn kids to be effectual members of society. Pragmatic and democratic educational positions led to a list of eternal possibilities for Dewey and his pupils it was their opportunity to go advanced leaders in their society. In Dewey s head, cognition was an interaction of being with environment in which the doer actively intervened to foretell future experience and to command it ( Sidorsky, pp. xxxv-xxxvi ) .Harmonizing to Sidorski, Dewey s matter-of-fact beliefs were, a memorial to that terminus in American civilization which made possible a confident, optimistic vision of the possible occupation of the methods of the scientific disciplines to the dominant traditions of doctrine and the major establishments of society ( p. lv ) . The connexions between scientific discipline and the equaliser of the universe can still be seen in modern twenty-four hours schoolroom, and a batch of this sustainability can be linked back to Dewey. He non merely bucked up pupils to be critical minds, but he showed them the world of the relationships between scientific cognition and the other si gnifiers of cognition and how they can work together to promote pupil success inside and outside of the schoolroom. He taught pupils to draw the trigger on their ain educational ends and demands.Despite the fitful tendencies in instruction of the 20th century, Dewey maintains the involvements of psychologists, philosophers, pedagogues, societal critics and political militants likewise and continues to see insouciant resurgence.

Introduction to Early Childhood Education Essay

This essay get out discuss the importance of partnership with pargonnts/whanau, providing responsive relationships and interactions with babyren and biculturalism on rescript. Research shows that children who attend an early childhood substance providing cargon of high quality succeeded much at school, stayed at school longer and kept achieving more in their early adult years. They grew up with a horse sense of belonging within their community and society and had the skills indispensablenessed to take control of their own lives (Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum, & T each(prenominal)ach, 2001).1. archeozoic childhood centres play an important role in helping families function effectively. They combine their role of supporting families while encouraging childrens surfacement in partnership with pargonnts. Each child, individually family is peculiar. In an early childhood centre each one of the children is unique as well as their family. Research shows us that those p ar ents, done parental involvement early on in a childs education that they are more likely to maintain this through all their educational years (Beaver et al. , 2001).Effective communication is one of the just about important principles when forming partnerships with parents. Parents are the most knowledgeable when it comes to their child and if they feel they can share this with staff of the early childhood centre the child will benefit from this (Beaver et al. , 2001). Throughout our lives we know it is hard to part from people we love and some parents note it hard to leave their child in a centre. We therefore need to be sensitive to this bother and work in partnership with parents and help them to build on what they want for their child.Arthur, Beecher, Death, Dockett & Farmer (2001) state that Early childhood educators should recognise that every setting is a source of learning for young children, with the family line adjudge as a particularly powerful influence (p. 11). 2. Children need to experience reciprocal and responsive relationships to explicate and learn. Infants are very dependent and require emotional security to develop an attachment with another soul other than their parent(s).A quality learning environment is one where teachers find each child individually, and are irrefutable, warm, supporting and encourage good self confidence, and initiate meaningful interactions with children. It is essential to create an environment where each child feels appreciated and valued. It is through forming these important adult child relationships that they will feel a sense of their own identity and develop positive self worth. Nurturing relationships are developed when positive interactions occur.The constant take to task with infants, encouraging eye contact and being held in a calm and caring way, active listening, positive language and noticing signs/gestures are some ways that infants develop trust and form a bond with us. The command (Early C hildhood Centres) Regulations 1998 state Every child is given positive guidance, using praise and encouragement, and avoiding blame, harsh language, and deprecative or degrading responses (Ministry of Education MoE , 1998, p. 22). Early childhood teachers need to ensure care giving routines are unhurried, meaningful and a peaceful experience.Take the time to sing songs, read books, follow their interests and extend them, be interested in what they are doing, keep conversations open, enrich their language, hold them to explore and discover, play with them and alongside them and allow yourself to be another person in their lives that interact and are responsive to them. If an infant is crying and they are responded to in a calm and gentle way, treated in the reliable and respected manner they are entitled to they will build a positive image of themselves. Centre policies should reflect this.3. It is important for all parvenue Zealanders and people living in New Zealand to be aware of, and sensitive to the bicultural nature of New Zealand society which consists of pakehas and the indigenous people the Maori who were here some hundred years before the arrival of Europeans. We need to respect and understand the Treaty of Waitangi which is the formal agreement between the Maori and the British Government which gave the latter the remedy to establish settlement and a system of British Government subject to certain rights being insure to the Maori.A bicultural perspective promotes the value of both socializations. We as a society need to understand and respect Maori views on child development and the role of the family. In Quality in Action Te Mahi Whai Hua, Implementing the rewrite Statement of Desirable Objectives and Practices in New Zealand Early Childhood Services it says teachers need to understand how whanau value affect behaviour and influence the ability of children and adults to engage in meaningful purposeful relationships (Ministry of Education M oE, 1998, p.18). We moldiness enable Maori children and their families to be active in their community which will allow their children to learn and grow and develop a strong sense of self-worth. Te reo Maori is a living and relevant language and very world-shaking to Maori. We need to assure Maori families that their culture, beliefs and practices are fully valued, appreciated and supported. We can learn a lot from these and pass them into the curriculum. Early childhood services play an integral part in society.They are an extension of home for children and their parents/whanau therefore we need to consider the cultural heritage of Maori and provide learning experiences for the children that reflect their culture. It is a prerequisite of the Education (Early Childhood Centres) Regulations 1998 that state Encourage children to become and remain confident in their own culture and to develop an understanding of and respect for other cultures of Aotearoa/New Zealand (MoE, p. 21).

Case study on Online grocery stores in India Essay

This case study involves three retailers that engaged in alternative approaches to eGrocer dodging formulation. The primary goals were to assess the relationship surrounded by a comp boths melodic phrase perplex(s) and its performance in the online food market channel and to determine if at that place were early(a) company and/or market related factors that could nib for company performance. The first company is BigBasket currently present in Mumbai, Hyderabad and Bangalore. The other mavin is Aaramshop which is a sack upsite that operates in National Capital Region of India and offers FMCG and CPG goods and the last one is season n Soap, Online Grocery Store in Kolkata operating out of Kolkata. First, we seek to achieve insight into how uptake of Internet-based eGrocer relates to management orientation and find relationships between the uptake of Internet-based eGrocer and entrepreneurial orientation, competitive intensity, and IT maturity.BIGBASKETsee muchold age homes articleOverview BigBasket.com is Indias largest online f ar and marketplace store. It has oer 10,000 products ranging from fresh Fruits and Vegetables, Staples, Spices and Seasonings to FMCG mark products, Beverages, Personal c are products, Meats and much more. The complete in is go to sleeped right to the clients doorstep, anywhere in Bangalore, Mumbai & Hyderabad. Within a year, the company is designingning to start services in Delhi and Chennai as well. Subsequently, it also plans to cater to Pune, Ahmedabad and Kolkata. The customer can schedule their bringing date and season (4 pitching slots per day). Payment options include cash on slant, credit and debit cards or food coupons. The connection is co-founded by V.S.Sudhakar (Director), HariMenon (CEO and head marketing), Vipul Parekh (head finance and marketing), Abhinay Choudhari (head customer service and line of reasoning development) and V S Ramesh (Head logistics and Supply Chain). BigBaskets Board of Direct ors include Meena and Ganesh K of Tutorvista. The average calendar monthly aver size stands at Rs 1,500. Since its inception, the company has seen request grow 25-30 per cent on a month-on-month basis.Business Model Once a customer registers on BigBasket.com he can browse the wide range of products, recognise the products he wants and place an order online. intern eachy the products are then picked, hygienically packed and delivered to thecustomer in the succession slot selected by the customer. BigBasket has tie-ups with manufacturers, wholesalers and importers and the merchandising teamwork on a combination of post order procurement and in house inventoryinging. The service is crotchety as it lets customers shop for daily essentials from the simplicity of their homes, saving them time, effort and money. The company returns high property products at competitive prices along with an on time rake guarantee. There are two operating models. It is called just-in-time model. Th is way of life that not just perishables but everything they bring against an order. So they consolidate orders for the day, go and buy the products and deliver. When they reach a particular volume, they move from the just-in-time model to what is called the warehouse stocking model.That is where they are as far as Bangalore is concerned. They buy products promptly from the supplies, like Unilever and Procter & Gamble, they buy from farmers and mills and stock the products in the warehouse. They stock a certain number of years of sales, depending on the product and sales. They are able to set initial roll levels and then decide what the re-ordering levels are. So it is all completely automated.Analysis BigBaskets business model relies on on-time delivery of goods, and in order to manage the operations smoothly and efficiently, it uses the hub-and-spoke mode of distribution. Here wholesalers deliver goods to BigBaskets warehouses. Branded delivery vans then deliver these goods t o the consumers. Perishables are only warehoused for a matter of hours, and in whatsoever cases its 24 hours from farm to fridge. It handles 1,500 plus orders a day in Bangalore and 700 plus orders a day in Mumbai and Hyderabad. The grocery store banks on engineering science-driven solutions to track everything from the time an order is placed to delivery. BigBasket uses AssetTrackr RestAPI interface to tightly integrate with the ERP strategy and handle all movement of trucks and delivery vehicles, notification to customers on estimated delivery times, etc. AssetTrackrs palpable time location info helps achieve optimal vehicle utilization.AARAMSHOPOverview AaramShop is a hybrid retail syllabus that enables sales and marketing of FMCG / CPG brands to short on time high on stress consumers. It enables grocery obtain by leveraging the strengths of theneighborhood retailers and integrates them with opportunities provided by the internet. AaramShop was founded by Vijay Singh, who , as an entrepreneur, has a deep focus and furor for brand marketing. Head-quartered in New Delhi, AaramShop is a small team of techies and marketers that ingest been operational since a microscopical less than a year. Over 1900 retailers across 26 cities in India use AaramShop as their preferred vocation platform. Their tie-ups with retailers are based on mutual strengths. The retailer has a time-tested local presence, which includes an ability to deliver goods to the doorstep of the consumers in his catchment area. They intend to add to this strength with the increased accessibility of the shop on web and mobile devices. This is done at no additional cost to the retailer. AaramShop currently lists over 12k SKUs. Only branded products are listed in AaramShop commodities and private labels are excluded from their platform. The core idea of AaramShop is to enable independent retailers, who have a physical presence, to have a web-store, which brooks them to connect better with mo dern consumers.Business Model The business model of AaramShop is different from most e-commerce sites, as they do not believe that transaction based revenues is the way to go in the grocery category at the moment. AaramShop does not make revenues on taking part of the margins make by the grocers rather, they have created a number of premium services that are offered to brands. These services are in various genres like, advertising options, on and off the platform, analytical led marketing and marketing at the retail point. The idea behind this unconventional and unique business model is that AaramShop does not disrupt the existing business practices and thereby ensures no escalation of cost. New Delhi-based AaramShop has partnered with retailers so that customers can shop at these local retailers online. Once logged in to the site, users can choose a local retailer and shop for groceries. AaramShop then sends the order to the retailer in real time. The groceries are delivered to the customers doorstep and the customers pay for the goods upon delivery. They dont keep any inventory and their partner retailers maintain their own inventories. There is no cost for the retailer to join AaramShop, they are basing their ability to get revenues by offering premium opt-in services offered to the brands.Analysis The model does look climbable and rather beting as compared to symmetric ecommerce shopping. There is no logistics cost that the startup incurs and it brings in the comfort of your local store as well. The only issue is predictability of order delivery as live inventory is not available online. The current format is more like providing one more interface to your regular grocery store, with the same issues and comforts. A more of ajax functionality would make the shopping process faster and avoid viewing shopping bag page after every item is added. Unlike other online grocery delivery stores that become a threat to the small local businesses, AaramShop puts th e ball back into the court of local businesses that had begun to purport underprivileged in this age of Internet. AaramShop has overcome three major hurdles of business.It has convinced kiranawalas roughly the business model by putting them in touch with customers and being paid directly. Secondly, it has convinced customers by eliminating the ask for online payments. Furthermore, since customers can choose their own kiranawala, they can be assured of quality. Thirdly, it has cut its own operational costs by eliminating the need to set up an inventory to stock goods or hire delivery boys.AaramShop is a great example of how you can optimize on the available resources to maximize your gains. AaramShop makes most of its money with with(predicate) ads of the numerous grocery brands it stocks on its portal. With a model like AaramShop, everybody is a winner the suppliers, the consumers and the business itself salt N SOAPOverview coarseness n Soap, a BlueBeaks initiative, intends t o provide its consumers a convenient, social, enjoyable and rewarding bang of shopping their daily grocery needs online from the comfort of their homes and offices. Started in November 2012, flavor n Soap (www.saltnsoap.com) is own and operated by BlueBeaks Solutions LLP (www.bluebeaks.com). Though the services of booking daily grocery needs online and receiving timely delivery at the convenience of home or office are the basic foundations of Salt n Soap, Salt n Soap is more than just another online version of a hypermart, supermarket or a local kirana store. Salt n Soap intends to provide todays busy urban consumers online tools for making their shopping work through social, enjoyable and rewarding. Salt n Soap enables this through the various social features of the website, engaging and interesting games and contests. Salt n Soap comes up with, and, last but not the least, the goldmine of information and analytics that facilitate a smarter buying decision.Apart from offering wh at conventional online grocery sites have to offer (i.e. online purchase, home delivery, throw outed products, etc.), they have come up with quite a few innovative and engaging products and services that will catch tutelage of discerning customers. First, they are positioning online grocery services to cash reach, time poor segment of population, typically SEC A1 and A2 split up of people, working couple with busy work schedule and very little time to do daily shopping chore. Hence, Salt n Soap position is more on honour a customer derives by saving time rather than being just a discount shop.Business Model Salt n Soap is a Kolkata-based outfit that has apparently pioneered the supposition of clear-cut analytics in this home where customers can instantly summon a variety of data on a product like its market share, purchasing ways, and a comparison with what people in the same socio-economic class are buying. The site also lets you know when it thinks a particular product has run out, thanks to some nifty code, and pings you so youre reminded to buy more of it. Consumers have access to a variety of data like market share of a product, purchase trend of a product, comparison of purchase trend with average pattern of people in the same SEC (Socio Economic Class). Consumers can maintain their calculate for purchase and track their consumption compared to the budget.Salt n Soap also seem to have develop an algorithm that predicts (presumably reasonably accurately) the number of days of provision that a user has and thus prompting him/her when he should buy the same product again. Salt n Soap has integrated their product with social media to provide a social experience to their consumers. Consumers are also rewarded with redeemable points for sharing their shopping experience with their friends in social media. The website has been designed to enable users to shop through a list where he/she can select multiple products from one screen instead of having to navigate to multiplescreens.Analysis They seem to operate efficiently with very low capital investment. Plus they provide a lot of innovative rate added features to consumers which are typically not available in a brick and mortar store. Some such features are a unique web front that allows customers to shop multiple products without having to navigate to many pages (remember, unlike some other products like books, apparels or jewelry, for groceries, customers buy many products at one time), providing personal shopping assistance, helping customers to plan and monitor their grocery budget and inventory, analytics on market share and sale trend of products, etc. Salt n Soap seemed to have understood that online shopping and especially grocery shopping is not about just providing a web front to the consumer allowing them to book an order and then delivering the goods to the consumers doorstep. They have introduced the concept of Personal Shopping Assistance where they promise to pro vide personalized assistance to consumers in buying through qualified professionals. Salt n Soap is constantly innovating on the features to ensure a more enriching and meaty experience for its users.CHALLENGES OF ONLINE GROCERY BUSINESSGrocery is a pretty multiplex business from the back-end and supply set up perspective. The complexity is one of the biggest challenges. We deal with close to 8,000-10,000 SKUs. Order sizes are large. Typically at the beginning of the month you have 30-60 items in one order. That makes it very different from typical ecommerce businesses where you normally shift one or two products, it could be a camera or a mobile phone and so on. The back-end is complex because the supply chain is not yet efficient. You deal with a large number of vendors and suppliers and not all of them are organized. WHY ONLINE GROCERY RETAIL BURNS CASHLack of consistency in quality and fill ratesDelivery and inventory costsLow repeat customer rates fix and feel nature of Indi an shoppersThe supply chain in India is built to help kirana storesOrder value isvery lowBrands and distributors will not give long-term creditWarehousing needs skill, technology is just a toolOrganized retail far from saturatedOnline grocery business in India The grocery segment has one of the most predictable consumption patterns and buying these products online has a huge advantage. It follows that online groceries would be big business in India.The truth is no player has broken even and the market is littered with shutdowns across the country. It is estimated online groceries contribute less than one per cent of the total food and groceries market in India and an equally small percentage of the e-commerce market in India is dominated by travel, electronics and apparel.One of the biggest rivals of e-grocers is the local kirana store, which offers home delivery in many cities, often within an hour. But kirana shops lack the cost advantages to offer customers the best price, and cannot stock a wide range of products.CONCLUSIONOnline grocery has been a late entrant in e-commerce space in general ( probably albeit due to early failure stories like Webvan), and in India, in particular. However, since 2011, quite a number of start-ups have launched online grocery stores all across India. They are generating reasonable amount of traffic and interest as well as good amount of venture capital funding. While no one doubts the eventual ascent of this segment, when that will happen and at what cost remain unanswered, primarily because of its single-digit margins, low order values and complex logistics, as well as the high cost of customer acquisition. So, few online groceries have been funded and fewer still will be able to get subsequent rounds of finance. The big difference is that there is a very large population on the Internet today. Today smart phones and smart devices allow customers to use the Internet on the go. More than half a dozen start-ups have launched online grocery stores in recent past.Working people, happy to have rice, sugar and even organicpepper delivered to their doorstep, may query why no one thought of it sooner. There is, of course, room for growth. Within this category, the organised food and grocery market, is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 30 per cent in the next five years. Truly online grocery seems to have come to a different age from the time when the colossal failure of Webvan started by George Sheen hit the headlines in 2000 and someway led to the dotcom burst. Better IT infrastructure, more net savvy customers and leaner warehousing and logistics compared to the early stage start-ups in online grocery will probably make online grocery stores succeed now. Online grocery stores in India seem to have an inherent advantage over those started in the West because of comparatively lower labour costs. However, the flip side is poor logistics infrastructure in India.

The Killer Angels Book Review

I believe that the author wrote this playscript because he wanted people to view the Battle of Gettysburg from not Just the view point that we generate in our textbooks nevertheless from different points of views so that we may interpret the meshing as a unharmed instead of bits and pieces. This book, in my opinion, was written for both informative and entertain handst for those who enjoy learning about level and the Civil War. This novel began with a person spying on the Union soldiers then goes book binding to report o public chronic that he had found that an Union army was seen travel nigh where he was located.When the spy told overnight that information, it seemed to shock him a little bit. In Longitudes mind he believed that other general, General Stuart, was supposed to be tracking the Union armys movement. Now that he has received this information, he concept that he should move the Confederate army north to cut attain the Union army. bit gallery north, the C onfederates come across a small town in Pennsylvania known as Gettysburg. While patrolling the town of Gettysburg on his horse, a Union general had noticed that the Confederate soldiers were close.The general who saw the companion army, General Afford, was under the impression that the two armies would start to battle inside the town. So he redact up to brigades along the hills outside of town. His way of thinking was that the higher domain the Union army was, the bust it was to fight the Confederate army. He believed using the geography of the north was a good idea. I admit with his thinking because it is certainly an gain when it comes to warfare. As General Afford is aging arrangements to make that happen, General Longest was meeting with other generals to discuss strategy and tactic.The book then turns to the date of July 1st. It starts as General lee is waking up and discovering General Stuart absence from camp. Without the absent man, Lee had no idea where the Union arm y was located and that troubled him. Not knowing where the enemy was is never a good thing because you aim no idea what your next plan or step would be. While at camp, he met with Longest. Longest was confident that the Confederates can use defensive tactics that has helped them in revises battles to help them win this one.He believes that the Confederacy would pass on a much better chance of winning because of their defensive skills that have proven to be screening notch. General Lee refused Longitudes way of thinking because he wanted to smash the Union army precipitously in one blow. The book then transitions to where the battle was beginning when the confederate soldiers approachinged the men who were station amongst the hills payable to Broods command. Reinforcements soon arrived to help out Broods men since they were getting killed.The reinforcement quad was led by General Reynolds whom was later killed in the battle. As Lee arrives to the battleground, the battle is in full swing. He is ordering his men to attack since some Union troops were coming from the South to help out. As the first twenty-four hour period ends, Union forces hit the hayed back into the hills to take cover and get some rest for the upcoming daylight when they would continue to battle. Longest becomes nervous because he knew that the hills were a good defensive position. He knew that they would have the advantage if they went to attack them within the hills.He was also ware that General Lee would attack them instead of retreating to another status and wait for them to attack. On the second day of the battle, Chamberlain is the one who makes the first move this time by moving toward Gettysburg once once more. As they were walking, they discovered an escaped slave. This gets Chamberlain into thinking about the reasoning for this war that has caused so many another(prenominal) causalities of fellow Americans and what he believed in about different races. While that was happe ning, two confederate generals were suggesting to lee that they should attack the opposing army to weaken it.Lee likes the plan, but Longest still wants to move to another location. Once again Lee had refused. As Lee and Longest lead the troops toward the hills, they discover that the army has come off of the hills and into the lowland where an orchard of some sort lied. They attack which causes a blood bath. Chamberlain and his men had to hold the ground against the Confederate attacks, but eventually they run out of bullets. They had followed by a motto to never retreat and fight while standing their ground. As day two came to an end, Lee decided on a Lana for the next day.As the final day approaches, Longest, for the final time, tries to convince Lee to move the army to another location, but Lee again refuses. Lee was determined to attack his enemy at this certain place. Longest had seek to convince him but he refused while launching an attack known as Pickets charge. After the disaster of Pickets charge, the Confederates soon retreated, and the Battle of Gettysburg had finally come to an end. Personally, I believe Michael Sahara is the type of person who found this battle to be absolutely fascinating.I also believe that the author had done his research on the matter by using personal letters of these generals and other primary sources to help him write this book. This novel is an excellent specimen of a bloody battle fought on the US soil between the people of the US. To be honest, I really enjoyed this book. I like who the point of views changed to get the full coverage the battle and to have an incursion on what was actually happening. I also happen to love learning about wars and the presidents so that helped a lot knowing some outside information.

Financial Analysis And Statement Analysis Essay

Financial disceptation abbreviation (or pecuniary analysis) is the process of reviewing and analyzing a corporations financial statements to make better economic decisions. These statements accept the income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows, and a statement of retained earnings.Horizontal analysis (also known as trend analysis) is a financial statement analysis technique that shows changes in the amounts of corresponding financial statement items over a period of time. It is a useful tool to evaluate the trend situations.The statements for two or more periods argon used in horizontal analysis. The earliest period is usually used as the base period and the items on the statements for all later periods be comp ared with items on the statements of the base period. The changes are mostly shown both in dollars and percentage.Vertical analysis is the proportional analysis of a financial statement, where each byplay item on a financial statement is listed as a perce ntage of another item. Typically, this bureau that every line item on an income statement is stated as a percentage of hoggish sales, while every line item on a balance sheet is stated as a percentage of total assets.The most common use of vertical analysis is within a financial statement for a single time period, so that you can see the relative proportions of estimate balances. Vertical analysis is also useful for timeline analysis, where you can see relative changes in accounts over time, such(prenominal) as on a comparative basis over a five-year period. For example, if the cost of goods sold has a history of being 40% of sales in each of the past four years, then a new percentage of 48% would be a cause for alarm.Solvency Ratio is a key system of measurement used to measure an enterprises power to meet its debt and other obligations. The solvency ratio indicates whether a caller-outs cash flow is sufficient to meet its short-run and long-term liabilities. The lower a par tnerships solvency ratio, the greater the probability that it will default on its debt obligations.Solvency and liquidnessity are both call that refer to an enterprises state of financial health, but with some notable differences. Solvency refers to an enterprises capacity to meet its long-term financial commitments. Liquidity refers to an enterprises ability to pay short-term obligations the term also refers to its capability to sell assets quickly to raise cash. A solvent company is genius that owns more than it owes in other words, it has a positive net worth and a manageable debt load. On the other hand, a company with adequate liquidity may have enough cash usable to pay its bills, but it may be heading for financial disaster down the road.Solvency and liquidity are equally important, and healthy companies are both solvent and possess adequate liquidity. A number of financial ratios are used to measure a companys liquidity and solvency, the most common of which are discussed below.Liquidity Ratiosstream ratio = Current assets / Current liabilitiesThe current ratio measures a companys ability to pay off its current liabilities (payable within one year) with its current assets such as cash, accounts due and inventories. The higher the ratio, the better the companys liquidity position.Quick ratio = (Current assets Inventories) / Current liabilities= (Cash and equivalents + Marketable securities + Accounts receivable) / Current liabilitiesThe quick ratio measures a companys ability to meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets, and therefore excludes inventories from its current assets. It is also known as the acid-test ratio.Days sales outstanding = (Accounts receivable / enumerate credit sales) xNumber of days in salesDSO refers to the average number of days it takes a company to collect payment after it makes a sale. A higher DSO means that a company is taking unduly long to collect payment and is tying up capital in receivables. DSO s are generally calculated quarterly or annually.Solvency RatiosDebt to equity = chalk up debt / Total equityThis ratio indicates the grad of financial leverage being used by the business and includes both short-term and long-term debt. A rising debt-to-equity ratio implies higher interest expenses, and beyond a certain point it may shanghai a companys credit rating, making it more expensive to raise more debt.Debt to assets = Total debt / Total assetsAnother leverage measure, this ratio measures the percentage of a companys assets that have been financed with debt (short-term and long-term). A higher ratio indicates a greater degree of leverage, and consequently, financial risk.Interest coverage ratio = operational income (or EBIT) / Interest expenseThis ratio measures the companys ability to meet the interest expense on its debt with its operating income, which is equivalent to its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). The higher the ratio, the better the companys ability to cover its interest expense.

Evidence Based Practice in a Clinical Setting Essay

Evidence establish Practice in a Clinical Setting - Essay ExampleThe turn out-based practice paradigm combines clinical expertise, diligent preferences, and values, the surrounding clinical circumstances with the integration of the best scientific evidence (Salmond, 2007). The pop the question of this musical composition is to apply evidence-based practice to the case of a forbearing and develop an effective patient care propose In order to apply evidence-based practice effectively there is a need for a detailed evaluation of the patients health condition. It is also equally important that a thorough query is conducted by the health care provider (physician/nurse) in order to generate information that relates to best evidence practice (Bennett, & John, 2000). The research in most cases is conducted in absence of already established guidelines that are grounded on previous research and are used for purposes of integrating evidence-based practice into everyday clinical practice . It is this information that result be integrated with the clinicians expertise, patient preferences and values and the surrounding circumstances to develop a patient care plan that will optimize the outcomes and result in delivery of quality healthcare work (Schulman, 2008). Patient Profile The patient, in this case, is a 51-year-old male computer programmer who is loopyly obese. Patient has a history of smoking and has been trying to quit for over 30 years. He has tried using nicotine patches to wait on him quit smoking but was unsuccessful. The patient is reluctant to use Bupropion because he holds certain reservations against that item theme of drugs (antidepressants). No diabetic complications with controlled blood sugar levels. Patient has osteoarthritis on both knees which harbor blank injuries. The blood pressure according to the past two visits is mildly elevated (160/94 mmHg). The patient takes intumescent doses of Vitamin E and Fish oil for his heart and glucosam ine for his knees. The patient takes St. Johns Wort to assist him to stop smoking. Research It is of primary immensity that the patients intercession goals be identified. The goals offer guidance on which areas need research promptly. The fragilityment goals for the patient include solving the patients smoking problem, understanding the patients mild hypertension and possible therapy, managing the obesity, and determining the best therapeutic approach that can be used to treat the patients osteoarthritis. The patient has a history of smoking that spans over 30years. Such a patient can be considered to be a heavy smoker. Many smokers have been associated with several failed attempts to quit smoking. This particular patient has tried the use of nicotine patches to assist him to quit smoking but was unsuccessful. According to Stead, Perera, Bullen, Mant, and Lancaster (2008), the single purpose of nicotine replacement therapy is to ease the transition from smoking cigarettes to comp lete abstinence from smoking. The nicotine temporarily replaces the nicotine from cigarettes thereby reducing the need to smoke and the overall withdrawal symptoms that are associated with abstinence from smoking.